5 - The Ranchos (updated August 23, 2014)

The last line of the original version of this posts reads, "A trickle of foreigners began to arrive in Santa Cruz during the 1830s, mostly Americans." Later posts make it clear that a number of non-American foreigners came early to the Monterey Bay region, including a few to Santa Cruz. Most were British, including John Gilroy, William Hartnell, the Buckle brothers, William Trevethan, and Michael Lodge. There were also a few Frenchmen and French-Canadians, and one Russian - Josef Bolcoff. More on all of them in "6 - The Sailors".

The list of Santa Cruz County ranchos could be expanded with one that was originally in our county but moved to San Mateo County when the boundary was shifted in 1868. That one would be Rancho Punta del Año Nuevo. The rancho was owned for a few years by Isaac Graham.

One other place you can find the old rancho names and boudaries is on USGS quadrangle maps.

Names on the Signs: The Ranchos


California’s next major shift began in 1821 when, after ten years of war, Mexico won its independence from Spain. Being lightly populated and far from the cities of Mexico, California was mostly neglected until 1833, when a new law took away most of the vast pasture lands previously reserved for use by the Missions. In 1834, after only forty-three years of existence, Mission Santa Cruz was reduced to an ordinary parish church. In the period from 1833 to 1846, the mission land was carved up into eleven large ranchos. The south county lands of Carmel Mission became another four ranchos. All of the ranchos were given away as land grants by a succession of governors, mostly to favored local residents and their children. These California-born descendents of Spanish settlers became known as Californios, and they created the old-California lifestyle we’ve romanticized and celebrated; full of fiestas and rodeos, vaqueros and banditos. Another chunk of land, including the settlement around the Mission, was set aside for the establishment of the Pueblo de Figueroa (named for the then-current governor). The governor’s name didn’t stick, however, and in time the name reverted to Santa Cruz. Personally, I’m glad I live in Santa Cruz and not Figueroa.

Figueroa wasn’t the only governor snubbed by the namers of Santa Cruz. None of the Alta California governors’ names are much remembered here in Santa Cruz the way they are in other parts of California. Figueroa, Alvarado, Vallejo, Castro, Chico and Pico are all familiar names on signs elsewhere, but not here. Santa Barbara has streets named for almost all of them, including Carrillo, de la Guerra and Micheltorena. Among the few examples here, there’s an Alvarado Street in Watsonville. Chico Avenue on the westside appears to be named for the town, which was named for the governor.

The Castro adobe in 1890
The original rancho grantees are likewise forgotten: do you know the names Buelna, Jimeno, Sanchez, Dodero, Escamilla? Didn’t think so. Even the Castro family of Branciforte, recipients of four separate rancho grants, is mostly forgotten. Not entirely, though - thanks to the efforts of the late Edna Kimbro and the volunteers at Friends of Santa Cruz State Parks, the old Castro Adobe near the Watsonville end of Larkin Valley has been preserved and donated to the state, with plans to completely restore it and open it to the public (someday). Only one Californio name can be found in the area where the family’s rancho used to be - Amesti Road in Corralitos. Rodriguez Street in Live Oak may have been named for the Rodriguez family that settled originally in Branciforte, but the casa of the Rodriguez Rancho Arroyo del Rodeo was in today’s Soquel village.

The Rancho San Vicente Diseño
Some of the names of the ranchos themselves are easier to find. That’s because the boundaries of the ranchos were defined using geographical features, especially creeks (arroyos). Eight of the fifteen local ranchos were named for the arroyo forming one of its boundaries. All of these creek/rancho names remain today. From north to south: San Vicente (Davenport), Laguna (just south of Davenport), Zayante, Carbonera (north Santa Cruz), Rodeo (eastern boundary of Santa Cruz), Soquel, Aptos, Corralitos, Salsipuedes (east of Watsonville). Most of the creek names can also be found on a nearby road or two and maybe a community or neighborhood (e.g. Carbonera Estates). Other important places you’ll run into the rancho names are on deeds, surveys and parcel maps. Creation of the ranchos was the first subdivision of land in this area; most later divisions were based on the old rancho boundaries.

Even as the rancho system was being created, the seeds of its destruction were planted. The Alta California government decided to allow more immigration to California by loosening some of the restrictive policies previously enforced by the Spanish. A trickle of foreigners began to arrive in Santa Cruz during the 1830s, mostly Americans.

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